Arsene Mekinian MD, PhD, is a specialist in internal medicine in the Department of Internal Medicine at Saint Antoine Hospital and Pierre-Marie Curie University in Paris, France. His research focuses on the mechanisms of excessive immune response in systemic sclerosis and he leads an INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research) U938 integrative research project on the pathophysiology of systemic scleroderma, in particular the interaction of TFH lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes.